1. Which vitamin is also known as Ascorbic Acid?
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is essential for the repair of body tissues and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. Deficiency leads to Scurvy.
2. Which gas is most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, followed by Oxygen at 21%.
3. The planet that is known as the "Red Planet" is:
Mars is called the Red Planet because of the iron oxide (rust) on its surface, which gives it a reddish appearance.
4. Which of the following is the hardest substance available on Earth?
Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where the atoms are arranged in a crystal structure, making it the hardest natural mineral.
5. Which instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
A sphygmomanometer consists of an inflatable cuff and a mercury or mechanical manometer to measure arterial blood pressure.
6. The speed of light is approximately:
The speed of light in a vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second, commonly rounded to 300,000 km/s.
7. Deficiency of Iodine in human diet causes:
Goiter is a swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck, primarily caused by a lack of iodine in the diet.
8. Which part of the human body is affected by Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by abnormally high pressure in the eye.
9. What is the chemical name of Baking Soda?
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is commonly known as baking soda. It is used in baking as a leavening agent.
10. The SI unit of Power is:
One Watt is defined as the rate of doing work of one Joule per second (1W = 1J/s).
11. Which of the following is a "Universal Donor" blood group?
O negative (O-) blood group is considered the universal donor because it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on the red blood cells.
12. The distance between the Earth and the Sun is greatest during:
Aphelion is the point in the orbit of a planet where it is furthest from the sun. For Earth, this occurs in early July.
13. Which gas is used in fire extinguishers?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is used because it is denser than oxygen and displaces it, effectively "smothering" the fire.
14. The layer of atmosphere in which we live is:
The Troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to about 7-15 km.
15. Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body?
The skin is the largest organ of the body. If we talk about internal organs, the Liver is the largest.
16. The process by which plants make their own food is called:
Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using water and CO2.
17. Sound travels fastest in:
Sound requires a medium to travel. It travels fastest in solids because the molecules are packed more tightly than in liquids or gases.
18. What is the main component of Natural Gas?
Natural gas consists primarily of methane (CH4), usually between 70% to 90%.
19. Which instrument is used to measure the purity of milk?
A lactometer is a small glass instrument used to test the density and purity of milk.
20. The human heart has how many chambers?
The human heart consists of four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).
21. Deficiency of Vitamin A results in:
Vitamin A is crucial for vision. Its deficiency leads to xerophthalmia, commonly known as night blindness.
22. Which gas is used in the preparation of soda water?
Soda water is water into which carbon dioxide gas has been dissolved under pressure.
23. The largest gland in the human body is:
The liver is the largest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body, performing over 500 functions.
24. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
25. The SI unit of Temperature is:
Kelvin (K) is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
26. Which planet is the hottest in our solar system?
Venus is the hottest planet because its thick atmosphere traps heat (Greenhouse effect), even though Mercury is closer to the sun.
27. The normal temperature of the human body in Fahrenheit is:
Average normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C). Variations can occur throughout the day.
28. Which of the following is responsible for the red color of blood?
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen and contains iron, which gives blood its red color.
29. Ozone layer protects the Earth from:
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
30. Which gas is known as "Laughing Gas"?
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used in dentistry and surgery for its anesthetic and analgesic effects; it's called laughing gas due to the euphoric effects of inhaling it.
31. The primary source of energy for the Earth is:
The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for almost all life on Earth, driving photosynthesis and weather patterns.
32. Which instrument is used to measure the depth of the ocean?
A fathometer is a device used to determine the depth of water by transmitting sound pulses into the water.
33. Brass is an alloy of:
Brass is a metallic alloy that is made of copper and zinc. Bronze, on the other hand, is made of copper and tin.
34. Who is known as the "Father of Biology"?
Aristotle is called the Father of Biology because he was the first to categorize living things and study them systematically.
35. Which acid is present in lemon?
Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges.
36. The lifespan of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) is:
Human red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days before they are broken down in the spleen.
37. Dry ice is the solid form of:
Dry ice is the solid form of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). It undergoes sublimation (turns directly from solid to gas) at -78.5°C.
38. Which part of the plant is responsible for the transport of water?
Xylem tissue transports water and minerals from roots to leaves, while Phloem transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts.
39. The most common element in the Universe is:
Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.
40. Which instrument is used to measure humidity?
A hygrometer is used to measure the amount of water vapor in the air, soil, or confined spaces.
41. How many bones are there in an adult human body?
An adult human has 206 bones. Infants are born with about 270 bones, some of which fuse together as they grow.
42. Which of the following is a non-metal that remains liquid at room temperature?
Bromine is the only non-metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury is the only metal.
43. The "Powerhouse of the Cell" is:
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy.
44. Which of the following is used in pencils?
Graphite is a form of carbon. It is used in pencils because its layers slide over each other easily, leaving a mark on paper.
45. Light year is a unit of:
A light year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, approximately 9.46 trillion kilometers.
46. The chemical formula for common salt is:
Common table salt is Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
47. Which lens is used to correct short-sightedness (Myopia)?
Concave lenses are used to treat Myopia, while Convex lenses are used to treat Hyperopia (long-sightedness).
48. The hardest part of the human body is:
Tooth enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance in the human body.
49. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
A scalar quantity has only magnitude (e.g., mass, time, temperature), whereas vector quantities have both magnitude and direction.
50. The gas used for artificial ripening of green fruits is:
Acetylene (and also Ethylene) gas is used to artificially ripen fruits. It is often produced from calcium carbide.
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