1. Which vitamin is also known as Ascorbic Acid?
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits. Its deficiency leads to Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and weakness.
2. The main source of energy for the Sun is:
Nuclear fusion in the Sun involves hydrogen atoms combining to form helium, releasing massive amounts of energy in the form of light and heat.
3. Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
The Barometer was invented by Evangelista Torricelli. A sudden fall in barometric pressure usually indicates an approaching storm.
4. Which blood group is known as the "Universal Donor"?
O Negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it compatible with almost any blood type in emergency transfusions.
5. What is the chemical name of "Dry Ice"?
Dry ice is the solid form of CO2. It undergoes sublimation, meaning it turns directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.
6. The largest gland in the human body is:
The liver is the largest internal organ and gland. It performs over 500 functions, including detoxification and bile production.
7. Which gas is most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, followed by Oxygen at about 21%.
8. Deficiency of Vitamin A results in:
Vitamin A (Retinol) is essential for vision. Its deficiency leads to Nyctalopia (Night Blindness) and dry eyes (Xerophthalmia).
9. The lifespan of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) is approximately:
RBCs are produced in the bone marrow and circulate for about 120 days before being destroyed in the spleen.
10. Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?
Mars appears red because of the high concentration of iron oxide (rust) on its surface.
11. Which acid is present in the human stomach to aid digestion?
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) helps break down food and kills bacteria that may enter the stomach with food.
12. The hardest natural substance on Earth is:
Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where atoms are arranged in a crystal structure, making it extremely hard.
13. Sound waves travel fastest in:
Sound requires a medium to travel. It travels fastest in solids because the molecules are packed closely together.
14. Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth from UV rays?
The Ozone layer is located in the Stratosphere and absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
15. The density of water is maximum at:
Water reaches its maximum density at 4°C. This unique property allows ice to float, preserving aquatic life in frozen lakes.
16. Which metal is kept in kerosene to prevent its reaction with air?
Sodium is highly reactive and catches fire when exposed to moisture or air, so it is stored under kerosene.
17. "Myopia" is a defect of vision related to:
Myopia (Short-sightedness) is corrected using a concave lens. A person with Myopia cannot see distant objects clearly.
18. Which gas is used in fire extinguishers?
CO2 is used because it is non-flammable and heavier than oxygen, allowing it to smother the fire by cutting off oxygen supply.
19. The study of insects is called:
Entomology is the scientific study of insects. Ornithology is the study of birds, and Paleontology is the study of fossils.
20. Which instrument measures the purity of milk?
A lactometer works on the principle of Archimedes' Law to measure the specific gravity of milk.
21. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
Leaves contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
22. The pH of pure water is:
A pH of 7 is considered neutral. Values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are alkaline (basic).
23. Who discovered Penicillin?
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin, in 1928 from the mold Penicillium notatum.
24. Which vitamin helps in the clotting of blood?
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation.
25. Which element is present in Hemoglobin?
Iron is the central atom in the heme group of hemoglobin, which allows it to bind and transport oxygen in the blood.
26. The SI unit of "Power" is:
Power is the rate of doing work. 1 Watt is equal to 1 Joule per second.
27. Which planet is the largest in our solar system?
Jupiter is a gas giant and is more than twice as massive as all the other planets in the solar system combined.
28. Approximately how long does it take for sunlight to reach Earth?
Light travels at 300,000 km/s. Given the distance to the Sun, it takes roughly 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth.
29. Which of the following is the best conductor of electricity?
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, but copper is more commonly used due to its lower cost.
30. Pneumonia is a disease that affects which organ?
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus.
31. Which of the following is a liquid metal at room temperature?
Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at standard room temperature and pressure.
32. "Exobiology" is the study of:
Exobiology is a branch of biology that deals with the search for and study of life elsewhere in the universe.
33. The image of an object is formed on which part of the eye?
The retina acts like the film in a camera; it receives light and converts it into neural signals for the brain.
34. Brass is an alloy of:
Brass is used for decoration and musical instruments. Bronze, on the other hand, is an alloy of Copper and Tin.
35. What is the normal temperature of the human body in Celsius?
The average normal body temperature is 37°C (98.6°F). Variations occur throughout the day.
36. Which gas is known as "Laughing Gas"?
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is used in dentistry and surgery for its anesthetic and analgesic effects.
37. The process of conversion of solid directly into gas is called:
Sublimation occurs in substances like camphor, naphthalene, and dry ice.
38. Which organ in the human body produces Insulin?
The Pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Lack of insulin causes Diabetes.
39. What is the main component of Natural Gas (Sui Gas)?
Natural gas is composed of about 85-95% Methane (CH4).
40. Which instrument is used to measure the depth of the ocean?
A Fathometer uses sound waves (Sonar) to determine the distance between the ship and the ocean floor.
41. Which mirror is used in the headlights of cars?
Concave mirrors are used in headlights to produce a powerful parallel beam of light.
42. "Rickets" is caused by the deficiency of:
Rickets leads to soft and weak bones in children. Sunlight is a natural source of Vitamin D.
43. The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is:
Oxygen makes up about 46.6% of the Earth's crust by weight, followed by Silicon (27.7%).
44. Which gas is used to ripen fruits artificially?
Acetylene gas, produced from calcium carbide, is commonly used for artificial ripening, though it is regulated in many countries due to safety concerns.
45. The "Powerhouse of the Cell" is:
Mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the cell's main energy currency.
46. Which acid is found in Ants' sting?
Formic acid (Methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid and is responsible for the pain and swelling caused by ant bites.
47. The "Richter Scale" is used for measuring:
The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to quantify the energy released by an earthquake.
48. Which is the longest bone in the human body?
The Femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone. The Stapes (in the ear) is the smallest bone.
49. What is the chemical name of "Vinegar"?
Vinegar is a solution of about 5-8% Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) in water.
50. Who is known as the "Father of Genetics"?
Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on pea plants.
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